Reformation + Counter-Reformation + Wars of Religion + Capstone Setup — Connecting All Six Formations + 30 Years War + Westphalia 1648 + Capstone Storybook Draft

Display MG-3 with Reformation events overlay. Ask: 'How do Reformation + Wars of Religion + Westphalia relate to encounter/conquest/slave-trade?' Bridge to integration.

• Display MG-3 with overlays
• Ask the integration question
• Open Capstone planning

Today integrates Reformation timeline with broader 1450-1750 chronology. LUTHER 31 October 1517 Wittenberg 95 Theses → 1521 Diet of Worms excommunication → 1534 German Bible. CALVIN 1536 Institutes + Geneva 1541; predestination + Consistory. HENRY VIII English Reformation — 1533 Restraint of Appeals + 1534 Supremacy + 1535 More martyred + 1536-1541 dissolution of monasteries; Elizabeth I 1558-1603 Anglican settlement. COUNTER-REFORMATION — Council of Trent 1545-1563 (25 sessions over 18 years) + Jesuits 1540 founded by Ignatius Loyola + Society of Jesus expanded to Japan + China + Americas; Index Librorum Prohibitorum 1559; Catholic missions globally. WARS OF RELIGION — French 1562-1598 + St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre 24 August 1572 (~3,000-10,000 Huguenots killed Paris) + Edict of Nantes 1598 (Henri IV); Dutch Revolt 1568-1648; SPANISH INQUISITION 1478-1834 + EXPULSION of Jews 1492 + Muslims 1502/1609. THIRTY YEARS WAR 1618-1648 — Defenestration of Prague 23 May 1618 → engulfs Holy Roman Empire + Sweden + France + Spain + Denmark; demographic devastation ~20% population loss German lands; Gustavus Adolphus 1611-1632 Swedish; Wallenstein 1583-1634 Imperial. PEACE OF WESTPHALIA 1648 — 109 negotiators + 235 protocols; established sovereignty of German principalities + religious choice for rulers; often called 'birth of modern state-system' but Osiander 2001 + Beaulac 2004 argue MYTH — sovereignty AFFIRMED not invented; modern nation-state took centuries more. CAPSTONE SETUP — students select three civilizations + one Indigenous voice + one African voice. Today drafts paragraph opening + selects descendant-community institution from 10 named options.

• MG-12 Connection-FIRST: civilizations and themes were CONNECTED, not isolated.

  model INTEGRATION: (a) Reformation drove vernacular Bibles (Luther's 1534 German) which interconnected with print revolution (Lesson 7) which interconnected with Bi Sheng/Korean Jikji global print. (b) Catholic missions to Americas (Las Casas) and Asia (Ricci-Xu Guangqi + 26 Martyrs of Nagasaki 1597) connect Reformation/Counter-Reformation to global encounter. (c) Spanish 1492 expulsion of Jews/Muslims is SAME YEAR as Columbus — religious-political consolidation made Castile's overseas expansion possible. (d) Atlantic slave trade conducted by Catholic Portuguese + Spanish, then Protestant Dutch + English + Northern Europeans — religious justifications shifted but trade continued. Reformation-and-Wars-of-Religion arc is co-constitutive with conquest-and-slave-trade arc.

  prompt How do Reformation + Wars of Religion connect to conquest/slave-trade in this unit?
• MG-7 Q3 CORROBORATION: does 'birth of modern state' corroborate with Habsburg/Ottoman/Mughal evidence? Not cleanly.

  model Per Osiander 2001 + Beaulac 2004: (a) Westphalia 1648 reaffirmed German princes' sovereignty WITHIN Holy Roman Empire but did NOT abolish Empire (lasted until 1806); (b) modern nation-states (defined territory + uniform sovereignty + state monopoly on violence) took centuries to consolidate; (c) 'Westphalian system' label popularized 1948 marking 300th anniversary; (d) actual Westphalia treaties had varied effects; (e) sovereignty in modern sense was incipient elsewhere too (Ottoman + Mughal mansabdari). Teach Westphalia as MOMENT in long sovereignty arc, not magical break.

  prompt Why is the Westphalian sovereignty 'birth of modern state' often called a MYTH?

• Order 5 Reformation events on a timeline.
• What was the Council of Trent?
• What is the Westphalian sovereignty myth?

M-7-S-HIS-21-A Chart

36x12 inch laminated MG-3 Deep-Time Strip 1450-1750 with Reformation timeline overlay: Luther 1517 + Calvin 1536 + Henry VIII 1534 + Trent 1545-1563 + Jesuits 1540 + St. Bartholomew's Day 1572 + Edict of Nantes 1598 + 30 Years War 1618-1648 + Westphalia 1648; color-coded by movement (Protestant + Counter-Reformation + Wars-of-Religion).

MG-3 Chart

Deep-Time Strip 1450-1750 CE — 36x12 inch laminated strip showing six parallel bands for six formations + Atlantic Slave Trade + Conquest + Resistance + Scientific Revolution timeline + Reformation timeline + Counter-Reformation timeline. Each band shows ~300 named events including: 1453 fall of Constantinople; 1492 Columbus + expulsion of Jews/Muslims from Spain; 1494 Tordesillas; 1498 Vasco da Gama Calicut; 1502 first Africans to Americas; 1517 Luther 95 Theses; 1519-1521 fall of Tenochtitlán; 1526 Mughal Babur Panipat; 1532 Cajamarca; 1543 Copernicus + Vesalius; 1545-1563 Council of Trent; 1556 Akbar; 1572 St. Bartholomew's Day + Tupac Amaru I; 1582 Din-i-Ilahi; 1600 EIC chartered; 1602 VOC chartered; 1603 Tokugawa shogunate; 1605 Don Quixote; 1610 Galileo Sidereus Nuncius; 1618-1648 Thirty Years War; 1632 Taj Mahal; 1633 sakoku begins; 1644 Manchu Qing; 1648 Westphalia; 1680 Pueblo Revolt; 1683 Vienna 2nd siege; 1687 Newton Principia; 1697 Itzá Maya Nojpetén; 1707 Aurangzeb dies; 1727 Jai Singh II Jantar Mantar; 1757 Plassey (preview); 1789 Equiano; 1793 Macartney. Color-coded by formation.

M-7-S-CUL-21-B Diagram Physical / non-image

18x24 inch wall poster MG-24 showing 4-criterion rubric: (1) MULTI-PERSPECTIVE (3 civilizations + Indigenous voice + African voice); (2) PRESENT-TENSE LIVING-DESCENDANT VOICING per NMAI; (3) CLAIM-EVIDENCE-WARRANT ARGUMENT; (4) CIVIC-ACTION LETTER QUALITY. 5th star: SELF-REFLECTION I-LEARNED/I-CAN/I-STILL-WONDER.

MG-24 Diagram Physical / non-image

CAPSTONE 4-CRITERION RUBRIC diagram — 18x24 inch wall poster showing the capstone storybook + civic-action letter rubric: (1) MULTI-PERSPECTIVE — at least three civilizations + Indigenous voice + African voice named (0-3 stars); (2) PRESENT-TENSE LIVING-DESCENDANT VOICING — all living peoples referenced in present-tense per NMAI protocol (0-3 stars); (3) CLAIM-EVIDENCE-WARRANT ARGUMENT — at least one claim with at least 2 pieces of evidence + warrant connecting them (0-3 stars); (4) CIVIC-ACTION LETTER QUALITY — letter mailed to a named descendant-community institution with clear what-I-learned + what-I-will-do statements (0-3 stars). Plus 5th star: SELF-REFLECTION I-LEARNED/I-CAN/I-STILL-WONDER assessment-as-learning.

• Pairs: on MG-3, label 5 Reformation + 5 Counter-Reformation + 5 Wars-of-Religion events between 1517-1648.

  scaffold Pre-printed event-cards with dates.
• Capstone setup: each student fills Capstone planning worksheet — select 3 civilizations + 1 Indigenous voice + 1 African voice + draft 1-paragraph chapter opening + select descendant-community institution.

  scaffold Capstone planning worksheet + 10 named descendant-community institution options.

• Name 3 Reformation events.
• Capstone civilizations + sources selected?
• Sticky to MG-23 with Capstone question.

• Recite FIVE PROMISES with MG-12 Connection-FIRST + MG-13a emphasis
• Show MG-24 Capstone rubric
• Preview Lesson 22 — Capstone presentation (90 min)

• Complete Capstone chapter draft (1-2 pages) per planning worksheet; bring to Lesson 22.