Grade 7 Spring — The Early-Modern World c. 1450-1750 CE in Six Simultaneous Formations: Italian + Northern Renaissance, the Reformation and Wars of Religion, the Scientific Revolution, the Age of Exploration with Zheng He Precedence and Multi-Perspective Encounter, the Conquest of Mexica and Inca from Indigenous Perspectives, Ongoing Indigenous Resistance through Pueblo Revolt 1680 and Itzá Maya 1697, the Atlantic Slave Trade Origins with African Voices Centered, the Mughal Empire (KS3 Non-European Society Study), Ming/Qing China with Zheng He 1405-1433, Tokugawa Japan, and the Ottoman Empire — Whose Renaissance? Whose Discovery? Whose Conquest?

History · CUL G7 hist.g7.s.cul.protestant_reformation_luther_calvin_henry_viii_counter_reformation

Analyze the PROTESTANT REFORMATION 1517-1648 — Luther's 95 Theses, Calvin's Institutes, Henry VIII English Reformation, and the Catholic Counter-Reformation (Council of Trent + Jesuits)

Examine Luther 31 October 1517 Wittenberg 95 Theses + indulgences critique + 1521 Diet of Worms + 1534 German Bible; Calvin 1509-1564 Geneva + Institutes of the Christian Religion 1536 + predestination + Geneva Consistory; Henry VIII 1509-1547 English Reformation — Act of Supremacy 1534 + Anne Boleyn + dissolution of monasteries 1536-1541 + Thomas More martyred 1535 + Elizabeth I 1558-1603 Anglican settlement; Counter-Reformation — Council of Trent 1545-1563 + Ignatius Loyola Jesuits founded 1540 + Index Librorum Prohibitorum 1559 + Catholic missions globally.

Mastery threshold

90%

Min instances

Typical minutes

Spaced intervals (days)

1, 3, 7, 14, 30, 60

Prereqs

Analyze the NORTHERN RENAISSANCE (Erasmus, More, Dürer) + Gutenberg printing press c. 1450 — with explicit connection to prior TANG-SONG CHINESE PRINTING (Bi Sheng 1040 moveable type, Tang woodblock 9th century) from G7-FALL

Successors

hist.g7.s.his.wars_of_religion_thirty_years_war
(not yet loaded)

Common misconceptions

Believing Luther wanted to 'leave the Catholic Church' from the start — Luther 1517 sought REFORM not separation; excommunication 1521 was forced
Treating Henry VIII's English Reformation as theological — it was primarily political-marital (annulment of Catherine of Aragon) overlaid on existing English reform currents
Believing Counter-Reformation was purely 'reactive' — the Catholic reform began before 1517 (Cisneros in Spain 1490s) and produced theological + missionary innovation

Exercise pool (1)

Diff	Stem	Type
2	Order 5 Reformation events: (a) Luther 95 Theses 31 October 1517; (b) Council of Trent begins 1545; (c) Edict of Nantes 1598; (d) St....	ordering