Grade 7 Spring — The Early-Modern World c. 1450-1750 CE in Six Simultaneous Formations: Italian + Northern Renaissance, the Reformation and Wars of Religion, the Scientific Revolution, the Age of Exploration with Zheng He Precedence and Multi-Perspective Encounter, the Conquest of Mexica and Inca from Indigenous Perspectives, Ongoing Indigenous Resistance through Pueblo Revolt 1680 and Itzá Maya 1697, the Atlantic Slave Trade Origins with African Voices Centered, the Mughal Empire (KS3 Non-European Society Study), Ming/Qing China with Zheng He 1405-1433, Tokugawa Japan, and the Ottoman Empire — Whose Renaissance? Whose Discovery? Whose Conquest?

Analyze the SPANISH CONQUEST OF MEXICA 1519-1521 FROM MULTIPLE PERSPECTIVES — Indigenous Nahua-voiced (Florentine Codex Book 12 + Anonymous Tlatelolco Manuscript) FIRST + Tlaxcalan + Spanish; centering La Malinche as strategic political actor (Townsend 2006) and refusing Restall's SEVEN MYTHS

Examine the conquest 1519-1521 with MEXICA-FIRST narrative — Tenochtitlán c.1500 was ~200,000-person city (third largest in world, comparable to Paris/Constantinople); Moctezuma II's diplomatic responses to Cortés (Restall 2018 refuses 'speechless awe at white gods' framing); La Malinche/Malintzin Tenepal — Nahua woman from Coatzacoalcos, trilingual Nahuatl-Maya-Spanish, named by Townsend 2006 as STRATEGIC POLITICAL ACTOR not 'traitor'; Tlaxcalan allies 200,000+ as essential co-belligerents (refuting 'tiny band of Spaniards' myth); La Noche Triste 30 June 1520 Spanish defeat; SMALLPOX 1520 as decisive epidemic factor (introduced by Pánfilo de Narváez expedition); 13 August 1521 surrender at Tlatelolco. Anchored EXPLICITLY in Restall 2003 SEVEN MYTHS poster MG-14 + Townsend 2019 Fifth Sun + León-Portilla 1959 Broken Spears + Florentine Codex Book 12 Anderson+Dibble translation.

Exercise pool (3)