Gettysburg July 1-3 1863 + Gettysburg Address Nov 19 1863 + 1864 USCT Battles + Combahee Raid [TRAUMA-INFORMED]

Review L9: Emancipation + USCT. Bridge: July 1-3 1863 Gettysburg PA — bloodiest battle in North American history (~51,000 casualties) — and Nov 19 1863 Lincoln delivers 272-word address that becomes defining American statement of democratic purpose.

• Activate MG-15 (heavy battle content)
• Display Gettysburg battle map
• Display MG-13 annotation sheet

Battle of Gettysburg July 1-3 1863 — Confederate Lee's second invasion of North; converged with Union Army of Potomac under Meade at crossroads town Gettysburg PA. Day 1 (July 1): Confederate advance pushes Union through town to Cemetery Hill + Cemetery Ridge defensive position. Day 2 (July 2): Confederate attacks on Union flanks (Little Round Top + Devil's Den + Peach Orchard + Wheatfield) — Union holds. Day 3 (July 3): Pickett's Charge — 12,500+ Confederate infantry advance 3/4 mile across open ground against Union center; ~50% Confederate casualties; charge repulsed. Combined ~51,000 casualties (~7,000 dead) over 3 days. Lee withdrew July 4 1863 — same day Grant captured Vicksburg MS (giving Union control of full Mississippi River). Together Gettysburg + Vicksburg July 3-4 1863 are war's strategic turning point. Lincoln delivered Gettysburg Address Nov 19 1863 at dedication of Soldiers' National Cemetery — 272 words, ~2 minutes, written largely on train from DC. 10 sentences. Opens: 'Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.' (Connects to Declaration of Independence 1776 — Constitution had not used that language). Middle: war as test of whether 'any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure.' Closing: 'we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain — that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom — and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.' Per Wills 1992 Lincoln at Gettysburg + Foner 2010 Lincoln's address REDEFINED American purpose around emancipation + democracy. Combahee River Raid June 2 1863 — Tubman as armed leader of Union expedition into SC; 300 USCT (2nd SC Infantry under Col. James Montgomery) destroyed Confederate plantations + freed 750+ enslaved people in single night; Tubman first US woman to lead armed military expedition. Battle of the Crater July 30 1864 — Union mine exploded under Confederate Petersburg VA trench line; planned USCT-led assault devolved into chaos when white-officer-led troops attacked first instead; ~3,800 Union casualties; USCT troops who attacked second targeted for retaliation by Confederate forces (Petersburg Massacre); per Slotkin 2009 The Crater most-overlooked USCT engagement of war. Battle of Nashville Dec 15-16 1864 — Union Gen. George Thomas with substantial USCT contingent destroyed Confederate Army of Tennessee. Sherman Atlanta Campaign May-Sept 1864 — Atlanta fell Sept 2 1864 (politically crucial for Lincoln's reelection Nov 1864).

• Per Foner 2010 The Fiery Trial Lincoln's evolving rhetoric — Gettysburg Address + 13th Amendment promotion 1864-1865 + Second Inaugural March 4 1865 — traces movement from cautious legalist to architect of constitutional emancipation.

  model Per Wills 1992 Lincoln at Gettysburg: Lincoln INTERPRETIVELY connected Constitution (which protected slavery) to Declaration ('all men are created equal') — effectively making Declaration the foundational document and the war the means of completing its promise. 'New birth of freedom' explicitly invokes emancipation. 'Government of the people, by the people, for the people' became defining American formulation of democracy. In 272 words Lincoln reframed war's purpose.

  prompt Why is Gettysburg Address considered a turning point in American political rhetoric?
• model Per Larson 2004 Bound for the Promised Land + Clinton 2004 Harriet Tubman: Tubman planned + led armed military expedition that freed 750+ enslaved people in single night — yet conventional Civil War narratives center white male generals. Tubman first US woman to lead armed military expedition. Combahee demonstrates integration of UR networks + USCT military operations + Tubman's geographic + intelligence expertise. Apply Q8: this is what centering Black + women's military participation looks like.

  prompt Why is Combahee River Raid June 2 1863 most-overlooked?

• What 10-sentence syntactic patterns appear in Gettysburg Address?
• Who led Combahee River Raid + how many freed?
• Apply Q9 to claim 'Pickett's Charge was a glorious last stand' — refute via Lost Cause detection.

M-8-F-HIS-10-A Map

Topographic map of Gettysburg PA showing 3-day battle: Day 1 July 1 Confederate advance + Union retreat to Cemetery Hill + Cemetery Ridge; Day 2 July 2 Confederate attacks on Union flanks (Little Round Top + Devil's Den + Peach Orchard + Wheatfield); Day 3 July 3 Pickett's Charge against Union center on Cemetery Ridge; ~51,000 combined casualties; Confederate withdrawal July 4 simultaneous with Vicksburg fall — joint strategic turning point.

M-8-F-HIS-10-B Diagram

18x24 wall display + student handouts of Lincoln's 272-word Gettysburg Address Nov 19 1863 (Bliss copy) with 10-sentence syntactic analysis: opening 'Four score and seven years ago' connecting to Declaration 1776 -> 'new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal' -> war as test -> battlefield as consecrated -> 'new birth of freedom' -> 'government of the people, by the people, for the people.' Each clause analyzed for parallelism + antithesis + climactic-tricolon + theological resonance. Frederick Douglass's response quoted in margin.

MG-13 Diagram

Gettysburg Address Close-Read Annotation Sheet — 18x24 inch wall display + student handouts of Lincoln's 272-word Gettysburg Address Nov 19 1863 (Bliss copy) with 10-sentence syntactic analysis: opening 'Four score and seven years ago' connecting to Declaration 1776 → 'new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal' → war as test → battlefield as consecrated → 'new birth of freedom' → 'government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.' Each clause analyzed for parallelism + antithesis + climactic-tricolon + theological resonance. Frederick Douglass's response to Gettysburg Address quoted in margin.

• Pairs: close-read Gettysburg Address with MG-13 annotation sheet; identify 3 rhetorical moves.

  scaffold MG-13 sheet
• Pairs: read Combahee documents; identify Tubman's strategic + intelligence contributions.

  scaffold Combahee map + biographical cards

M-8-F-HIS-10-C Photograph

Photograph of Tubman c.1885 + Combahee River Raid June 2 1863 SC map showing 3 Union river-gunboats + 300 USCT (2nd SC Infantry under Col. James Montgomery) + Tubman as armed scout-leader-guide; 750+ enslaved people freed in single night; first US woman to lead armed military expedition; per Larson 2004 + Clinton 2004 most-overlooked Civil War operation.

• Quote 1 sentence from Gettysburg + identify 1 rhetorical move.
• Who led Combahee + how many freed?
• When was Battle of the Crater July 30 1864 + USCT role?

• COMPASSION CIRCLE close (MG-15)
• Add 1 sticky to MG-6
• Preview L11: Sherman + Appomattox + Lincoln assassination + Juneteenth

• Memorize Gettysburg Address opening 2 sentences OR closing 3 sentences; recite tomorrow.