WWII 1939-1945 — European + Pacific Theaters, Home Front, Double V Campaign, Women's Roles, Manhattan Project

Play FDR Day of Infamy speech Dec 8 1941 audio (60 sec). Display MG-14 middle + right thirds.

• Play FDR Dec 8 1941 audio
• Display MG-14
• Recite TWELVE PROMISES

Today covers WWII military + home-front history (Holocaust = Lesson 10; Japanese American incarceration = Lesson 9; Hiroshima/Nagasaki = Lesson 11 each separate trauma-informed). EUROPEAN THEATER: Germany invaded Poland Sept 1 1939 (blitzkrieg) + UK + France declared war Sept 3; Phony War winter 1939-40; Denmark + Norway April 1940; Low Countries + France May-June 1940 (Maginot Line bypassed via Ardennes; Dunkirk evacuation May 26 – June 4 1940 ~338,000 evacuated; France surrendered June 22 1940; Vichy regime Petain); BATTLE OF BRITAIN July 10 – Oct 31 1940 (RAF Hurricane + Spitfire + Polish + Czech pilots + Caribbean pilots; Churchill 'never have so many owed so much to so few' Aug 20 1940); Blitz Sept 7 1940 – May 11 1941 (~40,000 British civilians killed); LEND-LEASE ACT March 11 1941 + FDR providing US aid to UK + USSR + China; ATLANTIC CHARTER Aug 14 1941 (Churchill + FDR; preview UN principles); OPERATION BARBAROSSA June 22 1941 (Germany invaded USSR — largest invasion in human history ~3.5M Axis troops); Eastern Front + Battle of Moscow Dec 1941 + STALINGRAD Aug 23 1942 – Feb 2 1943 (~2M total casualties + Soviet victory + turning point); Battle of Kursk July 5 – Aug 23 1943 (largest tank battle); North Africa Tunisia surrender May 13 1943 + Sicily invasion July 9 1943 + Italian armistice Sept 8 1943; Tehran Conference Nov 28 – Dec 1 1943 (Stalin + Roosevelt + Churchill); D-DAY June 6 1944 Operation Overlord Normandy (~156,000 Allied troops + ~10,000 Allied casualties); Paris liberated Aug 25 1944; Battle of the Bulge Dec 16 1944 – Jan 25 1945 last German offensive; Yalta Feb 4-11 1945; Crossing Rhine March 1945; Soviets reached Berlin April 16 1945; Hitler suicide April 30 1945; VE DAY May 8 1945 (May 9 USSR). PACIFIC THEATER: Pearl Harbor Dec 7 1941 (~2,400 US dead + 8 battleships sunk/damaged + Arizona Memorial 1,177); FDR Day of Infamy Dec 8 1941 + Congress declared war on Japan (only 1 dissenting vote Jeannette Rankin); Germany + Italy declared war on US Dec 11 1941; Bataan Death March April 9 1942 ~60,000-80,000 Filipino + American POWs + ~5,000-18,000 deaths; Doolittle Raid April 18 1942; Battle of Midway June 4-7 1942 (turning point — US codebreakers via Joseph Rochefort Op-20-G); Guadalcanal Aug 7 1942 – Feb 9 1943; Tarawa Nov 1943; Saipan June-July 1944; Philippines invasion Oct 1944 Leyte Gulf; IWO JIMA Feb 19 – March 26 1945 (Joe Rosenthal photograph Feb 23 1945 + 3 of 6 flag-raisers killed in subsequent fighting + Ira Hayes Pima); Okinawa April 1 – June 22 1945; Manhattan Project (Lesson 11); Hiroshima Aug 6 + Nagasaki Aug 9 (Lesson 11); USSR declared war on Japan Aug 8 1945 + invaded Manchuria; Japanese surrender announced Aug 15 1945 + signed Sept 2 1945 USS Missouri Tokyo Bay (VJ DAY). HOME FRONT: WAR MOBILIZATION ~12M US military + ~16M total served (~405,000 US dead — fourth-highest of any nation per Hastings 2011); WAR PRODUCTION BOARD + DEFENSE PLANT CORPORATION; women's roles ROSIE THE RIVETER + 6M women in war industries + WAACs WAVES SPARS WASPs + Tuskegee Airmen 332nd Fighter Group 1943-45 + 442nd Regimental Combat Team (Lesson 9); DOUBLE V CAMPAIGN Feb 7 1942 Pittsburgh Courier (James G. Thompson letter) — 'victory over our enemies abroad + victory over our enemies at home'; CORE Congress of Racial Equality 1942 + Bayard Rustin; March on Washington Movement 1941 A. Philip Randolph + Bayard Rustin → FDR Executive Order 8802 June 25 1941 (banned discrimination in defense industries); Bracero Program Aug 4 1942 (~4.6M Mexican guest workers 1942-64); Smith v. Allwright April 3 1944 SCOTUS struck down white primary; Zoot Suit Riots June 3-8 1943 Los Angeles (US sailors attacked Mexican American + Black + Filipino American zoot suiters); Indian Reorganization Act 1934 continued + Navajo Code Talkers 1942-45 (~400 Marines Cpl. Chester Nez); rationing + war bonds + scrap drives. CASUALTIES ~70-85M global dead (~3% world pop) per Hastings 2011 + Beevor 2012; Soviet Union ~27M; China ~15-20M; Germany ~7M; Japan ~3M; Holocaust 6M + 5M (Lesson 10); UK ~450,000; US ~405,000. CONFERENCES Atlantic Charter Aug 1941 + Casablanca Jan 1943 + Tehran Nov 1943 + Yalta Feb 1945 + Potsdam July 1945 set postwar order including UN Oct 24 1945 + Bretton Woods July 1944 + Marshall Plan 1948 (Lesson 12).

• Two victories.

  model Pittsburgh Courier Feb 7 1942 — James G. Thompson letter calling for 'victory over our enemies abroad + victory over our enemies at home'. Black Americans served in segregated military + Jim Crow at home. Direct continuity with Long Civil Rights Movement (Lesson 14 onward) per Hall 2005.

  prompt What was Double V Campaign?
• Mobilization changes futures.

  model ~6M women in war industries (Rosie the Riveter Howard Miller 1943); WAACs WAVES SPARS WASPs in uniformed services; reshapes postwar workforce + sets stage for women's liberation (Lesson 16). Per Q12 PRESENT-CONNECTION.

  prompt Why women's WWII roles?

• Place 3 WWII events in correct sequence.
• Define Double V Campaign + name source.
• Name 3 forms of women's WWII service.

M-8-S-HIS-08-A Chart

36x48 — European theater (Sept 1 1939 Poland + Blitzkrieg + Battle of Britain + Operation Barbarossa June 22 1941 + Stalingrad Aug 1942-Feb 1943 + D-Day June 6 1944 + Yalta Feb 1945 + VE Day May 8 1945); Pacific theater (Pearl Harbor Dec 7 1941 + Midway June 1942 + Iwo Jima Feb-March 1945 + Okinawa April-June 1945 + Hiroshima Aug 6 + Nagasaki Aug 9 + VJ Day Aug 15 1945).

MG-14 Chart

MG-14 RISE OF FASCISM + WWII chart — 36x48; left third: rise of fascism 1920s-30s (Mussolini March on Rome 1922 + Hitler Beer Hall Putsch 1923 + Nazi Party 1933 Reichstag fire + Nuremberg Laws 1935 + Anschluss 1938 + Munich Agreement Sept 29 1938 Chamberlain appeasement + Imperial Japan Manchuria 1931 + Nanjing Massacre Dec 13 1937-Jan 1938 200,000+ killed + Spanish Civil War 1936-39 Guernica Picasso 1937); middle third: WWII European theater (Sept 1 1939 Poland invasion + Blitzkrieg + Battle of Britain 1940 + Operation Barbarossa June 22 1941 + Stalingrad Aug 1942-Feb 1943 + D-Day June 6 1944 + Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944 + Yalta Feb 1945 + VE Day May 8 1945); right third: Pacific theater (Pearl Harbor Dec 7 1941 + Doolittle Raid + Midway June 1942 + Guadalcanal + Iwo Jima Feb-March 1945 Joe Rosenthal photo + Okinawa April-June 1945 + Hiroshima Aug 6 + Nagasaki Aug 9 + VJ Day Aug 15 1945).

M-8-S-HIS-08-B Photograph

Pittsburgh Courier front-page Double V Campaign Feb 7 1942 (James G. Thompson letter); caption naming Thompson + 'victory over our enemies abroad + victory over our enemies at home' + direct continuity with Civil Rights Movement Lessons 14-15.

M-8-S-HIS-08-C Photograph

Howard Miller 'We Can Do It!' 1943 Westinghouse poster commonly called Rosie the Riveter; caption naming Miller + 1943 + 6M+ women in war industry; comparison with Norman Rockwell Rosie 1943 Saturday Evening Post cover.

M-8-S-HIS-08-D Photograph

Composite portrait Tuskegee Airmen 332nd Fighter Group 1943-45 (Benjamin O. Davis Jr.) + Navajo Code Talkers ~400 Marines 1942-45 (Chester Nez); caption naming segregated military + Indigenous code-talkers + integration of armed forces only after Executive Order 9981 July 26 1948 Truman.

• Pairs: assigned 1 of 6 theaters (Eastern Front + Western Europe + Pacific + Italy + North Africa + Home Front); produce 3-min present-out with primary source.

  scaffold Theater-specific packet
• VNPS: T-chart segregated-military v. integrated-aspiration (442nd + Tuskegee Airmen + Double V + E.O. 8802).

  scaffold Pre-filled name list

• Date Pearl Harbor + D-Day + VE Day + VJ Day.
• Define Double V Campaign.
• Name 3 women's WWII service organizations.

• Add 1 sticky to MG-6
• Preview Lesson 9: Japanese American incarceration TRAUMA-INFORMED

• Read Atlantic Charter Aug 14 1941 + write 1 paragraph applying Q3 + Q12.