World War I 1914-1918 — MAIN Causes, US Entry, Harlem Hellfighters, Versailles + Wilson 14 Points + League — TRAUMA-INFORMED MG-15 PROTOCOL

MG-15 ACTIVE. Caregiver letter sent Week 4. Read aloud Wilfred Owen 'Dulce et Decorum Est' Sept 1917 (1 stanza). Display MG-10 WWI chart with ~17M-dead figure.

• Activate MG-15 PROTOCOL
• Read Owen Sept 1917 (1 stanza)
• Recite TWELVE PROMISES

M-8-S-HIS-04-A Diagram

8.5x11 laminated double-sided protocol card on every table; caregiver letter in advance + Compassion Circle close + alternative-assignment + opt-out + sensory-quiet space.

MG-15 Diagram

MG-15 TRAUMA-INFORMED PROTOCOL card (8.5x11 laminated double-sided at every table + teacher desk) — caregiver letter in advance + Compassion Circle close + alternative-assignment options + sensory-quiet space + opt-out without penalty + n-word substituted + 'incarceration' not 'internment' + 'enslaved person' not 'slave' + 'cultural genocide' named + NO graphic imagery; explicit list of Lessons with MG-15 active: 4 (WWI), 9 (Japanese American incarceration), 10 (Holocaust), 11 (Hiroshima), 12 (Tulsa 1921 + Emmett Till + lynching), 13 (Vietnam War), 17 (decolonial violence + apartheid), 18 (9/11 + ongoing); USC Shoah Foundation + Yad Vashem + Hiroshima Peace Memorial + Densho + EJI + Truth & Reconciliation South Africa survivor-voice protocols cited.

Today is TRAUMA-INFORMED (MG-15 ACTIVE). WWI causes (MAIN long-term: Militarism + Alliances + Imperialism + Nationalism; trigger Sarajevo June 28 1914 Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated by Gavrilo Princip Bosnian-Serb Black Hand). Belgium Aug 4 1914 + Schlieffen Plan; trench warfare Western Front Marne to Verdun to Somme July 1 1916 first-day British 57,000 casualties + ~17M total dead (~10M military + ~7M civilian); Eastern Front Russia v. Germany/Austria-Hungary; Ottoman Empire enters + Armenian Genocide April 24 1915 – 1923 1.5M Armenian deaths per IAGS + 30+ national governments recognized + denied by Turkey; Gallipoli April 25 1915 – Jan 9 1916; chemical weapons (chlorine + phosgene + mustard) per Geneva Protocol 1925; US entry April 6 1917 (Lusitania May 7 1915 ~1,200 dead incl. 128 US + Zimmermann telegram Jan 16 1917 + unrestricted submarine warfare Feb 1917 + Russian Revolution March 1917 removed autocracy obstacle); US contribution AEF John J. Pershing ~2M soldiers + ~116,000 US dead + 200,000 wounded; HARLEM HELLFIGHTERS 369th Infantry Regiment 191 days in trenches more than any other US regiment + Henry Johnson + Needham Roberts + entire regiment awarded Croix de Guerre by France + Henry Johnson posthumous MoH 2015 century after the war; segregated US military per Wilson Jim Crow extension to military. Wilson 14 Points Jan 8 1918 (open diplomacy + freedom of seas + free trade + arms reduction + self-determination + League of Nations); Armistice Nov 11 1918 11am. Treaty of Versailles June 28 1919 War Guilt Article 231 + reparations 132B gold marks + Rhineland demilitarization + colonial losses + League of Nations Covenant; Wilson stroke Oct 2 1919 lobbying tour; Lodge Reservations 14 reservations to Article X collective-security commitment; US Senate rejected Treaty Mar 19 1920 49-35. Russian withdrawal Treaty of Brest-Litovsk March 3 1918 (separate Lesson 6). Postwar disillusionment Hemingway + Fitzgerald + Owen + Sassoon Lost Generation; Red Summer 1919 25+ US cities racial violence + Tulsa 1921 (Lesson 12). Spanish flu pandemic March 1918 – April 1920 ~50M-100M dead globally + ~675,000 US dead. Per Q11 MULTI-PERSPECTIVE: WWI was a European imperial war that Africans + Asians + Indigenous people fought in (Senegalese Tirailleurs + Indian Army + Anzacs + Caribbean Regiment + Native American code-talkers Choctaw 1918 Meuse-Argonne).

• Whose self-determination?

  model Self-determination applied in practice to Eastern European white nations (Poland + Czechoslovakia + Yugoslavia) but not colonies (Vietnam Ho Chi Minh petitioned Wilson at Versailles 1919 + was ignored — direct prelude to Vietnam decolonization Lesson 17). Q6 silences.

  prompt What does Wilson's 14 Points 'self-determination' mean?
• Refusal has consequences.

  model Lodge Reservations 14 reservations to Article X (collective-security commitment to defend League members); irreconcilables (Borah + Johnson) opposed any League; Wilson refused compromise; Senate vote Mar 19 1920 49-35 short of 2/3. Direct consequence: US not in League, weakened collective-security through 1930s appeasement.

  prompt Why was the Treaty of Versailles rejected by US Senate?

• Define MAIN causes of WWI.
• Why Harlem Hellfighters?
• Per Q11 from whose perspective is 'self-determination' partial?

M-8-S-HIS-04-B Chart

24x36; MAIN causes + Western/Eastern Fronts + ~17M dead + US entry April 6 1917 + Harlem Hellfighters + Wilson 14 Points + Versailles + League + Senate rejection + Lost Generation + Spanish flu.

MG-10 Chart

MG-10 WWI 1914-18 chart — 24x36; MAIN causes (Militarism + Alliances + Imperialism + Nationalism); Western Front + Eastern Front + trench warfare + ~17 million dead; US entry April 6 1917 (Lusitania May 7 1915 + Zimmermann telegram 1917 + unrestricted submarine warfare); Harlem Hellfighters 369th Infantry; Wilson 14 Points Jan 8 1918 + Treaty of Versailles June 28 1919 + League of Nations + US Senate rejection 1920; postwar disillusionment Lost Generation Hemingway + Fitzgerald; Spanish flu pandemic 1918-19 50M+ dead.

M-8-S-HIS-04-C Photograph

Black-and-white photo Harlem Hellfighters parade Feb 17 1919 Fifth Avenue NYC with caption naming Henry Johnson + Needham Roberts + Croix de Guerre + Johnson posthumous MoH 2015; refuses Wilson-era Jim Crow military framing.

M-8-S-HIS-04-D Map

Map Europe + Middle East before/after Versailles with Polish + Czechoslovak + Yugoslav + Baltic states emerging; Ottoman + Austro-Hungarian + Russian empires ended; Sykes-Picot 1916 Middle East mandate carve-up.

• Pairs: assigned to 1 of MAIN; produce 3-min present-out with primary source.

  scaffold MAIN-specific source packet
• Pairs: rank 14 Points by which were implemented in Versailles + which were ignored; discuss why.

  scaffold Pre-printed 14-Points list

• Name 2 MAIN causes.
• Why did US Senate reject Versailles?
• Apply Q11 to Wilson's 14 Points.

• COMPASSION CIRCLE close (MG-15)
• Add 1 sticky to MG-6
• Preview Lesson 5: Russian Revolution

• Read 1 page of Owen Sassoon Brittain Remarque excerpt + apply MG-7 Q1+Q11; bring annotated copy.