Northern Renaissance and the Print Revolution — Erasmus, More, Dürer, Gutenberg c.1450 — but Bi Sheng 1040 and Korean Jikji 1377 came FIRST

Display photograph of Korean Jikji 1377 (Bibliothèque nationale de France, Coreen 109) — oldest extant book printed with movable metal type. Ask: 'When was this printed?' Students guess; reveal 1377 — 78 years before Gutenberg. Bridge to global print history.

• Display Jikji photograph
• Ask the date-guess question
• Introduce MG-11 comparative timeline

M-7-S-CUL-07-B Photograph

High-resolution photograph of Korean Jikji (Buljo jikji simche yojeol) 1377 Heungdeoksa Temple Cheongju — single surviving volume at Bibliothèque nationale de France Paris Coreen 109; UNESCO Memory of the World 2001; printed 78 years before Gutenberg.

Northern Renaissance ~1470-1570 — Erasmus of Rotterdam (1466-1536) — Dutch humanist, traveled Europe extensively, Praise of Folly 1511 (satirical critique of corruption + scholasticism), edited Greek New Testament 1516 (Novum Instrumentum — first published Greek NT, basis for Luther's 1522 German translation); Thomas More (1478-1535) — English humanist + Lord Chancellor, Utopia 1516 (Greek 'no-place' + 'good-place' pun, fictional island critique of European society); martyred 1535 by Henry VIII for refusing royal supremacy. Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528) — Nuremberg painter + printmaker; Self-Portrait 1500 (Christ-like frontal pose with humanist confidence); Knight-Death-and-the-Devil 1513 engraving; major woodcut + engraving works enabled mass distribution. PRINT REVOLUTION — Johannes Gutenberg c.1398-1468, Mainz; Gutenberg Bible c.1455 — 42-line Bible, 180 copies printed (49 surviving). BUT — Tang dynasty Diamond Sutra 868 was woodblock printed (G7-Fall connection!); Bi Sheng c.990-c.1051 invented ceramic movable type in Song China c.1040 (Shen Kuo Dream Pool Essays 1088 describes — G7-Fall Lesson on Tang-Song innovations); Korean Jikji 1377 metal movable type (78 years before Gutenberg, oldest extant metal-type book per UNESCO Memory of the World 2001). Why did European print 'matter' more in some narratives? Three SOCIAL factors: (1) Latin alphabet has ~26 characters vs. Chinese ~5,000-50,000 — alphabet enables typesetting at scale; (2) Protestant Reformation 1517+ drove demand for vernacular Bibles + pamphlets; (3) European market structure (literate urban bourgeoisie + universities) created mass demand. NOT a story of 'European invention' but of social-system uptake.

• This is the G7-Fall connection — Tang/Song innovations predate European 'inventions.' G7-Spring refuses the Gutenberg-as-inventor framing.

  model Bi Sheng c.990-c.1051 was a Song Chinese commoner described by Shen Kuo's Dream Pool Essays 1088 — Bi Sheng baked clay characters + arranged them on a heated iron frame coated with resin + printed pages then heated the frame to release characters for reuse. This is movable type 410 years before Gutenberg. It was used limited because Chinese ~10,000+ commonly-used characters made it logistically harder than woodblock (which still dominated through Ming). But it was MOVABLE TYPE — Gutenberg's 'innovation' was applying movable type to alphabetic Latin script, not inventing movable type per se.

  prompt What was Bi Sheng's 1040 ceramic movable type and why is it significant?
• Apply MG-7 Q5 NMAI 'whose voice is silent' — Korean print history was silenced in dominant Western print narratives.

  model Jikji (Buljo jikji simche yojeol 'Anthology of Great Buddhist Priests' Zen teachings') was printed at Heungdeoksa Temple Cheongju Korea 1377 — 78 years before Gutenberg. The single surviving volume was acquired by French diplomat Victor Collin de Plancy in late 1800s + now at Bibliothèque nationale de France Paris (Coreen 109). UNESCO Memory of the World registered 2001. Forgotten in many Western histories because (a) Eurocentric framing prioritizes Gutenberg; (b) Korean Joseon dynasty's print tradition wasn't widely studied in West; (c) the Jikji's location in Paris rather than Korea limited Korean access. Korean scholars + UNESCO have re-centered Jikji.

  prompt Why was Korean Jikji 1377 forgotten in many Western histories?

• Name 3 Northern Renaissance figures + one work each.
• When was Bi Sheng's movable type? When was Korean Jikji?
• Why did the European print revolution have particular impact, given that movable type was older?

M-7-S-CUL-07-A Chart

36x12 inch laminated MG-11 timeline showing print-revolution events 800-1500: Tang Diamond Sutra 868 woodblock + Song Bi Sheng 1040 ceramic-type + Korean Jikji 1377 metal-type + Korean Hangul 1446 + Gutenberg c.1450 + Aldine Venice 1494 + Plantin Antwerp 1555 + Ming commercial publishers 16th c. — each with named inventor + material + scale.

MG-11 Diagram

GUTENBERG vs BI SHENG vs JIKJI Comparative Timeline — 36x12 inch laminated strip showing printing-press technology across world history: Tang Diamond Sutra 868 (woodblock) + Song Bi Sheng moveable type 1040 (ceramic) + Korean Jikji 1377 (metal moveable type, oldest extant metal-type book) + Korean Hangul printing 1446 + Gutenberg c.1450 Mainz (metal moveable type Gutenberg Bible 1455) + Aldine Press Venice 1494 + Antwerp Plantin Press 1555 + Ming commercial publishers 16th c. Each technology labeled with: inventor/place/date/material/known print runs.

• Pairs: place 5 print-history events on MG-11 timeline: Tang Diamond Sutra 868, Song Bi Sheng 1040, Korean Jikji 1377, Korean Hangul printing 1446, Gutenberg c.1450.

  scaffold MG-11 with date placeholders.
• Source-card practice: apply MG-7 Q1 SOURCING + Q3 CORROBORATION + Q7 WHOSE GOLDEN AGE to Erasmus Praise of Folly excerpt.

  scaffold MG-7 sentence frames.

M-7-S-CUL-07-C Illustration

High-resolution reproduction of Albrecht Dürer Self-Portrait at 28 1500 Alte Pinakothek Munich — Christ-like frontal pose with humanist confidence; technical note on Northern Renaissance painting technique.

• Name 2 Northern Renaissance figures.
• When was movable type first invented? Where?
• Sticky to MG-23 about global print history.

• Recite FIVE PROMISES
• Add stickies
• Preview Lesson 8 — Songhai West Africa + Timbuktu manuscripts

• Find one image of a printed book from 1400-1500 from ANY region (Korea, China, Europe, etc.); name + date + region.