Grade 8 Spring — The 20th-Century World, the Long Civil Rights Movement as Multi-Movement Struggle, and a Civics Deep-Dive (US + Global 1898–Present, K-8 History Capstone)

Analyze decolonization 1947-94 from decolonial leader own-voice across continents: India 1947 + Africa 1957-94 + Caribbean + Pacific anti-colonial movements

Trace decolonization wave 1945-94 per Springhall 2001 + Shepard 2018: ASIA — India + Pakistan Aug 14-15 1947 Partition ~14M displaced ~1-2M killed (Khan 2007 + Talbot/Singh 2009); Indonesia Aug 17 1945 – Dec 27 1949 Sukarno; Vietnam Sept 2 1945 Ho Chi Minh Declaration of Independence (quoting US 1776); Burma Jan 4 1948 Aung San; AFRICA — Ghana March 6 1957 Nkrumah; 1960 Year of Africa 17 nations; Algeria July 5 1962 Fanon; Kenya Dec 12 1963 Kenyatta + Mau Mau emergency 1952-60; Mozambique + Angola June 25 1975 + Nov 11 1975 Machel + Neto (Cabral 1973 assassinated); Zimbabwe April 18 1980; Namibia March 21 1990; SOUTH AFRICA apartheid end April 27 1994 first multi-racial elections Mandela; CARIBBEAN — Jamaica Aug 6 1962 + Trinidad and Tobago Aug 31 1962; Haitian Revolution 1791-1804 as foundational decolonial precedent per C.L.R. James 1938; PACIFIC — Samoa Jan 1 1962 + Fiji Oct 10 1970; CENTERED DECOLONIAL OWN-VOICE: Gandhi Hind Swaraj 1909 + Nehru 'Tryst with Destiny' midnight Aug 14-15 1947 + Ambedkar Annihilation of Caste 1936 + Nkrumah I Speak of Freedom 1961 + Fanon Wretched of the Earth 1961 + Mandela Rivonia Speech Apr 20 1964 + 1994 Inaugural + Lumumba June 30 1960 + Aimé Césaire Discourse on Colonialism 1950 + C.L.R. James The Black Jacobins 1938 + Bandung Conference April 18-24 1955 Non-Aligned Movement 29 nations.

Exercise pool (3)