Grade 7 Spring — The Early-Modern World c. 1450-1750 CE in Six Simultaneous Formations: Italian + Northern Renaissance, the Reformation and Wars of Religion, the Scientific Revolution, the Age of Exploration with Zheng He Precedence and Multi-Perspective Encounter, the Conquest of Mexica and Inca from Indigenous Perspectives, Ongoing Indigenous Resistance through Pueblo Revolt 1680 and Itzá Maya 1697, the Atlantic Slave Trade Origins with African Voices Centered, the Mughal Empire (KS3 Non-European Society Study), Ming/Qing China with Zheng He 1405-1433, Tokugawa Japan, and the Ottoman Empire — Whose Renaissance? Whose Discovery? Whose Conquest?

Analyze TOKUGAWA JAPAN 1603-1868 — unification (Nobunaga → Hideyoshi → Ieyasu 1600 Sekigahara → 1603 shogunate), sakoku 'closed country' edicts 1633-1639 with critical nuance (NOT total isolation), Edo flourishing as the world's largest city ~1 million, and Edo cultural production (Bashō haiku + ukiyo-e + kabuki)

Examine Tokugawa Japan as global early-modern formation. Late-Sengoku unification — Oda Nobunaga 1534-1582 + Toyotomi Hideyoshi 1537-1598 (Korea invasions 1592-1598) + Tokugawa Ieyasu 1543-1616 + Sekigahara 1600 + Tokugawa shogunate 1603; sakoku 'closed country' edicts 1633-1639 — limited contact with Dutch + Chinese + Korean traders through Nagasaki Dejima 1641-1854 — Jansen 2000 + Toby 1984 refuse 'total isolation' framing; FOUR-CLASS shi-no-ko-sho (samurai-farmer-artisan-merchant) hierarchy critically examined as Confucian ideal + actual social mobility; sankin-kotai 'alternate attendance' system fixed daimyo to Edo + supported Edo growth; 1597 26 Martyrs of Nagasaki + Christianity suppression context — note the 1597 + 1639 expulsion timing; Edo period 1700 city population ~1 million LARGEST in world (vs. London ~575,000 + Paris ~500,000); Edo cultural flowering — Matsuo Bashō 1644-1694 Oku no Hosomichi 1689 + Ihara Saikaku 1642-1693 ukiyo zōshi + Chikamatsu Monzaemon 1653-1725 jōruri puppet theater + Hokusai 1760-1849 ukiyo-e prints (note: Hokusai is late Edo, links forward) + Berry 2006 Japan in Print parallels Gutenberg.

Exercise pool (1)