Long Civil Rights Multi-Movement 1965-Present — Chicano (Chavez/Huerta) + AIM (Alcatraz/Wounded Knee II) + Asian American + Stonewall (Marsha P. Johnson/Sylvia Rivera) + Women's Liberation (Combahee/Crenshaw) + Disability Rights (Heumann)

Read aloud Combahee River Collective 1977 opening: 'We are a collective of Black feminists ... committed to struggling against racial, sexual, heterosexual, and class oppression.'

• Read Combahee 1977 opening
• Display MG-18 all 5 tracks
• Recite TWELVE PROMISES including MG-14f

Today extends Long Civil Rights Movement (Hall 2005) into MULTI-MOVEMENT strands per MG-14f. NOT separate single-issue movements — overlapping (Combahee 1977 intersectional). CHICANO MOVEMENT — CESAR CHAVEZ (1927-1993 Mexican-American Navy veteran + organizer); DOLORES HUERTA (1930- Mexican-American teacher + organizer; co-founder NFWA 1962 with Chavez); FILIPINO + Mexican farmworkers; DELANO GRAPE STRIKE Sept 8 1965 led by Filipino AWOC Larry Itliong + Philip Vera Cruz joined Sept 16 by NFWA Mexican workers (refuses Chavez-only framing); UFW UNITED FARM WORKERS formed Aug 22 1966 from NFWA + AWOC merger; PLAN OF DELANO March 1966 march to Sacramento; CHAVEZ 25-DAY FAST Feb 14 – March 10 1968 broken by Robert F. Kennedy; UFW grape boycott 1965-70 won 5-year contracts; HUERTA 'SI SE PUEDE' 1972 (later used by Obama 2008); RODOLFO 'CORKY' GONZALES 1928-2005 'I AM JOAQUIN' 1967 + PLAN ESPIRITUAL DE AZTLÁN March 1969 First National Chicano Liberation Youth Conference Denver; REIES LOPEZ TIJERINA New Mexico land grants 1967; BROWN BERETS 1967 + East LA Walkouts March 1968 ~22,000 students Lincoln Wilson Roosevelt Garfield Belmont high schools demanding bilingual + Mexican American history education; CHICANO MORATORIUM Aug 29 1970 Laguna Park East LA ~30,000 anti-Vietnam-War protest + LA Times columnist RUBEN SALAZAR killed by LA Sheriff Department tear-gas projectile; GLORIA ANZALDÚA Borderlands/La Frontera 1987 (queer Chicana feminist theorist 1942-2004 'I am a border woman'); MEChA Movimiento Estudiantil Chicano de Aztlán 1969 from Plan Espiritual. AMERICAN INDIAN MOVEMENT (AIM) — TERMINATION ERA 1953-69 + Indian Relocation Act 1956 forced Indigenous urbanization; NCAI 1944 + NIYC 1961; AIM founded July 28 1968 Minneapolis MN by CLYDE BELLECOURT (White Earth Ojibwe) + DENNIS BANKS (Anishinaabe) + GEORGE MITCHELL (Ojibwe) + EDDIE BENTON-BANAI (Anishinaabe) initially to address police violence against urban Indigenous people; RUSSELL MEANS (Oglala Lakota 1939-2012) joined; ALCATRAZ OCCUPATION Nov 20 1969 – June 11 1971 (~19 months) by INDIANS OF ALL TRIBES (RICHARD OAKES Akwesasne Mohawk + LaNADA MEANS War Jack Shoshone-Bannock + JOHN TRUDELL Santee Sioux); claimed Alcatraz under Treaty of Fort Laramie 1868 right to surplus federal land; built community on Alcatraz Island San Francisco Bay; widely covered nationally; produced public consciousness of Indigenous sovereignty; ended after Yvonne Oakes died + federal removal; TRAIL OF BROKEN TREATIES Nov 3-8 1972 cross-country caravan culminating in BIA Building occupation Washington DC + 20-POINT POSITION PAPER (treaty-based demands for tribal sovereignty); WOUNDED KNEE II Feb 27 – May 8 1973 (71-day standoff Pine Ridge Reservation South Dakota) — Oglala Lakota traditional council + AIM + Russell Means + Dennis Banks occupied historic Wounded Knee 1890 massacre site protesting tribal-council corruption (Dick Wilson) + treaty violations; 2 AIM members killed (FRANK CLEARWATER + BUDDY LAMONT) + 1 federal marshal wounded; LEONARD PELTIER convicted 1977 in disputed killing of 2 FBI agents at Pine Ridge June 26 1975 (Peltier still incarcerated as of 2024 — global Indigenous-rights cause; clemency requests pending); INDIAN SELF-DETERMINATION AND EDUCATION ASSISTANCE ACT Jan 4 1975 PL 93-638 (Nixon signed) — fundamentally restructured federal-Indigenous relationship enabling tribal-government contracting of federal services; AMERICAN INDIAN RELIGIOUS FREEDOM ACT Aug 11 1978 + INDIAN CHILD WELFARE ACT Nov 8 1978; NAGPRA Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act Nov 16 1990; UNDRIP UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples Sept 13 2007 (US opposed initially + adopted 2010); STANDING ROCK Sioux Reservation Dakota Access Pipeline protest April 1 2016 – Feb 23 2017 (LaDONNA BRAVE BULL ALLARD + Water Protectors); LANDBACK movement contemporary. ASIAN AMERICAN MOVEMENT — TWLF THIRD WORLD LIBERATION FRONT 1968-69 SF State + UC Berkeley student strike founding of ethnic studies; YURI KOCHIYAMA (1921-2014 Japanese American + Black Power + Puerto Rican independence + held Malcolm X as he was shot Feb 21 1965); GRACE LEE BOGGS (1915-2015 Chinese American Detroit Black Power); 'YELLOW PERIL SUPPORTS BLACK POWER' Aug 28 1969 placard; PHILIP VERA CRUZ + LARRY ITLIONG (Filipino) UFW. STONEWALL UPRISING June 28 – July 3 1969 — Stonewall Inn Christopher Street Greenwich Village NYC police raid (NYPD raided gay bars regularly); MARSHA P. JOHNSON (1945-1992 Black drag performer) + SYLVIA RIVERA (1951-2002 Puerto Rican Venezuelan trans Latina) + STORMÉ DeLARVERIE (1920-2014 Black lesbian) + butch-femme + trans + drag patrons resisted arrest; 6 days of demonstrations; FIRST CHRISTOPHER STREET LIBERATION DAY MARCH June 28 1970 (first Pride parade); STAR Street Transvestite Action Revolutionaries 1970 Johnson + Rivera (housed homeless trans youth); LAVENDER MENACE June 1970 lesbian feminists (BETTY FRIEDAN had called lesbians 'lavender menace' — reclaimed); pre-Stonewall: MATTACHINE SOCIETY 1950 Harry Hay + DAUGHTERS OF BILITIS 1955 Del Martin + Phyllis Lyon + COOPER DONUTS 1959 LA + COMPTON'S CAFETERIA RIOT Aug 1966 SF (Stonewall was turning point not start); LAMBDA LEGAL 1973; HARVEY MILK 1977 first openly gay elected official SF Board of Supervisors + assassinated Nov 27 1978 with Mayor George Moscone by Dan White; HIV/AIDS CRISIS June 5 1981 first MMWR reports through 1996 antiretroviral protease inhibitors + ACT UP March 10 1987 Larry Kramer + Silence = Death Project + AIDS Memorial Quilt 1985 Cleve Jones + 1996 National Mall display; BAYARD RUSTIN re-centered as gay Black civil-rights leader per D'Emilio 2003 + posthumous Presidential Medal of Freedom 2013; LAWRENCE v. TEXAS 539 U.S. 558 June 26 2003 (Anthony Kennedy struck down state sodomy laws + apologized for Bowers v. Hardwick 1986); OBERGEFELL v. HODGES 576 U.S. 644 June 26 2015 (5-4 Kennedy nationalized same-sex marriage). WOMEN'S LIBERATION — BETTY FRIEDAN The Feminine Mystique Feb 1963 + NOW National Organization for Women June 30 1966; SHIRLEY CHISHOLM (1924-2005 first Black woman in Congress 1968 + first major-party woman + Black presidential candidate 1972); TITLE IX June 23 1972 PL 92-318 (women's equal access to education + reshaped athletics); EQUAL RIGHTS AMENDMENT March 22 1972 passed Congress + ratified by 28 states + failed 38-state requirement before 1979/1982 deadline (still pending); ROE v. WADE 410 U.S. 113 Jan 22 1973 (Blackmun 7-2 right to abortion in trimester framework) + DOBBS v. JACKSON 597 U.S. 215 June 24 2022 (Alito 6-3 reversed Roe + Casey); COMBAHEE RIVER COLLECTIVE STATEMENT 1977 (Barbara Smith + Beverly Smith + Demita Frazier — Black lesbian feminist collective Boston) — coined 'identity politics' + intersectional analysis + named Combahee River for Harriet Tubman's June 2 1863 raid; bell hooks Ain't I a Woman 1981 + Sister Outsider AUDRE LORDE 1984 'I am a Black Lesbian Mother Warrior Poet doing my work'; KIMBERLÉ CRENSHAW 'Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique' 1989 UChicago Legal Forum (coined 'intersectionality' analyzing DeGraffenreid v. General Motors). DISABILITY RIGHTS — ED ROBERTS UC Berkeley 1962 (Center for Independent Living 1972 Berkeley); DISABLED IN ACTION 1970 NYC JUDITH HEUMANN (1947-2023 polio-paralyzed activist denied teacher certification — sued + won); SECTION 504 of Rehabilitation Act of 1973 prohibited disability discrimination by federal-fund recipients + REGULATIONS DELAYED 4 YEARS; SECTION 504 SIT-INS April 5-30 1977 — 150+ disabled activists occupied HEW Health Education Welfare offices San Francisco for 26 days (longest non-violent occupation of federal building in US history per Heumann 2020); Black Panthers delivered hot meals; HEW signed regulations April 28 1977; ADA AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT July 26 1990 PL 101-336 (Bush 41 signed) — JUSTIN DART JR. + EVAN KEMP + Heumann + many advocates; CAPITOL CRAWL March 12 1990 ~60 disabled activists crawled up Capitol steps; OLMSTEAD v. L.C. 527 U.S. 581 (1999) Ginsburg majority community-integration requirement; CRIP CAMP 2020 documentary James Lebrecht + Nicole Newnham (Camp Jened Catskills 1971 origin story); ALICE WONG Disability Visibility Project + 2020 anthology. ALL THESE MOVEMENTS OVERLAP — Combahee Black + lesbian + feminist + working-class; Bayard Rustin Black + gay + civil-rights organizer; Yuri Kochiyama Japanese American + Black Power + Puerto Rican; Audre Lorde Black + lesbian + mother + warrior + poet; Marsha P. Johnson Black + trans + Stonewall. Per Q11 MULTI-PERSPECTIVE + Q12 PRESENT-CONNECTION + intersectionality Crenshaw 1989.

• Overlap is the architecture.

  model Per Hall 2005 + Combahee 1977 + Crenshaw 1989: the Long Civil Rights Movement is NOT a series of separate single-issue movements. It is overlapping intersectional struggle (Black + queer + women + disabled + Indigenous + immigrant at once). Refuses 'add other movements after MLK' framing.

  prompt Why MG-14f multi-movement framing?
• Solidarity across difference.

  model April 5-30 1977 — 26 days. Longest non-violent occupation of a federal building in US history per Heumann 2020. Cross-movement solidarity: Black Panthers delivered hot meals. Resulted in HEW signing regulations April 28 1977. Direct precursor to ADA 1990. Per MG-14f + Q12.

  prompt Why Section 504 sit-ins matter?

• Name 6 multi-movement strands.
• Quote 1 line from Combahee 1977 OR Crenshaw 1989.
• Date Alcatraz + Stonewall + Wounded Knee II + Section 504 + ADA.

M-8-S-CUL-16-A Chart Physical / non-image

36x60 5-track poster activated for all 5 columns: BLACK FREEDOM (review) + CHICANO + AIM + ASIAN AMERICAN-LGBTQ+-WOMEN-DISABILITY + ANCHORS (MLK is ONE of MANY); refuses MLK-only framing per Hall 2005.

MG-18 Chart

MG-18 LONG CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT poster — 36x60; HORIZONTAL TIMELINE 1909-present; FIVE PARALLEL TRACKS color-coded: (1) BLACK FREEDOM (NAACP 1909 + UNIA Garvey 1914 + Brown v. Board May 17 1954 + Emmett Till Aug 1955 + Montgomery Bus Boycott Dec 1 1955 – Dec 20 1956 + Little Rock Sept 1957 + Greensboro Sit-ins Feb 1 1960 + Freedom Rides May 4 1961 + March on Washington Aug 28 1963 + Birmingham Children's Crusade May 1963 + Civil Rights Act July 2 1964 + Freedom Summer 1964 + Selma March 7-25 1965 + Voting Rights Act Aug 6 1965 + MLK assassinated April 4 1968 + Black Power SNCC 1966 + Black Panthers 1966 + Combahee 1977 + Crenshaw 1989 + BLM 2013); (2) CHICANO (UFW 1962 Chavez/Huerta + Delano Strike 1965 + Plan of Delano 1966 + East LA Walkouts 1968 + Plan Espiritual de Aztlán 1969 + Chicano Moratorium Aug 29 1970 + Anzaldua 1987); (3) AIM (NCAI 1944 + Termination/Relocation 1953-69 + AIM 1968 + Alcatraz Nov 20 1969 – June 11 1971 + Trail of Broken Treaties Nov 1972 + Wounded Knee II Feb-May 1973 + Indian Self-Determination Act Jan 4 1975 + AIRFA 1978 + NAGPRA 1990 + UNDRIP 2007 + Standing Rock 2016-17 + LandBack); (4) ASIAN AMERICAN + LGBTQ+ + WOMEN + DISABILITY (TWLF SF State 1968-69 + Yuri Kochiyama + Grace Lee Boggs + Stonewall June 28 1969 + STAR Johnson/Rivera 1970 + Lavender Menace 1970 + Title IX June 23 1972 + Roe v. Wade Jan 22 1973 + Section 504 sit-ins April 1977 26-day occupation + Combahee River Collective 1977 + bell hooks 1981 + ACT UP 1987 + ADA July 26 1990 + Obergefell June 26 2015); (5) ANCHORS show MLK is ONE of MANY — Ella Baker + Bayard Rustin + Fannie Lou Hamer + Septima Clark + Bob Moses + Diane Nash + James Baldwin + Audre Lorde + Pauli Murray + Marsha P. Johnson + Sylvia Rivera + Cesar Chavez + Dolores Huerta + Russell Means + Judith Heumann + Yuri Kochiyama; refuses 'MLK-only' framing per Hall 2005 + Theoharis 2018 + Ransby 2003.

M-8-S-CUL-16-B Photograph

Triple portrait Chavez + Huerta + Itliong (Filipino + Mexican-American refuses Chavez-only framing); UFW eagle banner + 1965 Delano Grape Strike + 1966 Plan of Delano + 1968 25-day fast + Si Se Puede.

M-8-S-CUL-16-C Photograph

Composite: Alcatraz Occupation Nov 20 1969 – June 11 1971 (Richard Oakes + LaNada Means) + Wounded Knee II Feb-May 1973 (Russell Means + Dennis Banks + Oglala Lakota traditional council) + Trail of Broken Treaties 1972 BIA + Indian Self-Determination Act 1975 Nixon signing + LandBack movement contemporary.

M-8-S-CUL-16-D Photograph

Composite: Stonewall Inn 1969 + Marsha P. Johnson (1945-1992) + Sylvia Rivera (1951-2002) + STAR 1970 + first Christopher Street Liberation Day March June 28 1970 + Combahee River Collective Statement 1977 + Audre Lorde + Section 504 sit-ins April 1977 + ADA July 26 1990 Bush signing + Judy Heumann + Capitol Crawl + ACT UP.

M-8-S-CUL-16-E Photograph

Dual portrait Yuri Kochiyama (1921-2014 Japanese American Black Power + holding Malcolm X 1965) + Grace Lee Boggs (1915-2015 Chinese American Detroit) + 'Yellow Peril Supports Black Power' 1969 placard + Combahee Black + lesbian + feminist + working-class; multi-movement intersectional architecture per Crenshaw 1989.

• Pairs: assigned 1 of 6 movements; produce 3-min present-out applying MG-7 Q1+Q3+Q10+Q11+Q12.

  scaffold Movement-specific source packet
• VNPS: build 5x5 overlap matrix showing 5 movement-leaders × 5 identity categories (Black + gay + Indigenous + woman + disability etc.) showing where each leader's identity overlaps.

  scaffold Pre-filled name-identity matrix

• Name 4 multi-movement strands.
• Quote 1 line from Combahee 1977.
• Apply Q12 to a contemporary intersectional movement.

• Add 1 sticky to MG-6
• Preview Lesson 17: Decolonization Gandhi-Nehru-Nkrumah-Fanon-Mandela own-voice TRAUMA-INFORMED

• Read Combahee Statement 1977 (3 pages) + apply MG-7 Q1 + Q3 + Q11.