hist.g8.s.ex_40
Essay
MG-21
Diagram
MG-21 US CIVICS DEEP-DIVE — HOW A BILL BECOMES A LAW (14 stages) wall poster — 36x48; STAGE 1 Idea + drafting; STAGE 2 Introduction in House OR Senate (sponsor required); STAGE 3 Committee referral (Speaker / President pro tempore); STAGE 4 Subcommittee hearing + markup; STAGE 5 Full committee markup + vote; STAGE 6 Reported to floor + Rules Committee (House); STAGE 7 Floor debate + amendments + vote (simple majority House 218 / Senate 51 OR cloture 60 to end filibuster); STAGE 8 Sent to other chamber; STAGE 9 Other chamber repeats stages 3-7; STAGE 10 Conference Committee reconciles differences; STAGE 11 Both chambers vote on conference report; STAGE 12 President signs OR vetoes (10 days); STAGE 13 If vetoed: 2/3 override House + Senate; STAGE 14 Law published Public Law number + Statutes at Large; example: Civil Rights Act of 1964 traced through all 14 stages with 54-day Senate filibuster + cloture June 10 1964 + LBJ signing July 2 1964.
In 3-4 paragraphs trace Civil Rights Act of 1964 (PL 88-352) through all 14 stages per MG-21. Cite 54-day Senate filibuster + cloture June 10 1964 71-29 (first successful civil-rights cloture) + Mansfield-Dirksen-Humphrey leadership + LBJ signing July 2 1964 East Room with MLK + Rosa Parks + Roy Wilkins present. Apply Q11.
- Traces ≥10 of 14 stages
- Names CRA sponsor (Celler) + Smith Rules Committee delay
- Cites 54-day filibuster + cloture June 10 1964 + 71-29 vote
- Names Mansfield + Dirksen + Humphrey
- Cites LBJ July 2 1964 signing East Room with named witnesses
- Applies Q11
- ≥4 sources
- Cloture lowered from 67 (then-threshold) to 60 in 1975.
- Smith House Judiciary Rules Committee held bill 3 months.
- Skipping Rules Committee step
- Forgetting filibuster significance