Analyze the second wave of US immigration 1880-1924 — Ellis Island 1892+ (Eastern + Southern European: Italian + Polish + Jewish + Greek + Slavic) + Angel Island 1910+ (Chinese + Japanese + Korean + Filipino) + 20M+ total — AND the Chinese Exclusion Act May 6 1882 as FIRST RACE-BASED FEDERAL IMMIGRATION BAN per Lee 2003; Saum Song Bo 1885 letter + Wong Kim Ark 1898 SCOTUS birthright citizenship; Rock Springs 1885 + Tacoma 1885 anti-Chinese violence
Exercise
Difficulty 3
~6 min
hist.g8.f.ex_51
Short Answer
Prompt
What did United States v. Wong Kim Ark 169 US 649 March 28 1898 establish?
How it's presented
mode
text
Answer criteria
type
rubric
criteria
- 14th Amendment Section 1 birthright citizenship applies to children born in US regardless of parents' race or immigration status
- Foundational civil-rights legal precedent — remains binding today
- Chinese American family secured Constitutional protection benefiting all US-born children of all immigrants
Hints
- Wong Kim Ark born SF 1873 to Chinese parents; denied re-entry 1895; sued + won.
- 6-2 Supreme Court decision.
Misconceptions to watch
- Confusing Wong Kim Ark 1898 with later immigration decisions
Used in lessons