Analyze the Punic Wars (264-146 BCE — Rome vs Carthage three wars) and the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire — Marius and Sulla, the First Triumvirate (60 BCE Caesar + Pompey + Crassus), the Caesarian civil war (49-45 BCE), Caesar's assassination (44 BCE), the Second Triumvirate, Octavian/Augustus's principate (27 BCE), and the structural reasons the Republic could not survive its empire
Exercise
Difficulty 3
~5 min
hist.g6.f.ex_37
Evidence Evaluation
Prompt
Why was Carthage's destruction in 146 BCE a major civilizational loss? Apply 'refuse the winners-only narrative' framing.
How it's presented
mode
text
Answer criteria
type
rubric scored writing
rubric
3 stars: Carthage as sophisticated Phoenician-derived North-African civilization in modern Tunisia + Rome's utter destruction (razed, salted, enslaved survivors) + civilizational-loss framing. 2 stars: 2 of 3. 1 star: 1. 0: 0.
Hints
- Phoenician-derived North African civilization.
- Refuse 'winners-only' — name what Rome destroyed.
Misconceptions to watch
- Treating Carthage as 'just an enemy of Rome'
- Forgetting Carthage's sophisticated civilization
Used in lessons